Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

Name: Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)
Creator: World Bank
License: https://data.worldbank.org/terms-and-conditions
Keywords: technology, research, innovation, world-bank, annual

Commercial use OKFreshLicense: CC-BY-4.0

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Sample onlyDownload sample CSV Download sample JSONSample rows only (up to 20) — not the complete dataset.

Research and development expenditure is current and capital expenditure (both public and private) on creative work undertaken systematically to increase the stock of knowledge and devise new applications of available knowledge. It covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development. The indicator expresses gross domestic expenditure on R&D as a share of GDP in percent. It is sourced from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics and published by the World Bank in the World Development Indicators. The 8-country panel is covered 2000-2023 (Canada through 2024, India through 2020); values are null where national statistics are unavailable.

Source: World Bank
Rows: 208
Columns: 4
Source cadence: Yearly
Last refreshed: Sep 23, 2026
Theme: technology

Column	Type	Description
country_code	string	ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code (World Bank API field countryiso3code).
country_name	string	Country name as published by the World Bank API.
year	integer	Calendar year of the observation (World Bank API field date).
value	float	Indicator value for the country and year, as defined by the World Bank indicator (see the dataset description). Missing values are null. (unit: % of GDP)

First 10 sample rows — a preview, not the complete dataset.

country_code	country_name	year	value
CAN	Canada	2,000	1.858
CAN	Canada	2,001	2.021
CAN	Canada	2,002	1.972
CAN	Canada	2,003	1.968
CAN	Canada	2,004	1.997
CAN	Canada	2,005	1.971
CAN	Canada	2,006	1.943
CAN	Canada	2,007	1.904
CAN	Canada	2,008	1.856
CAN	Canada	2,009	1.917

Profiled Sep 23, 2026 from snapshot 20260923T141748Z-63839713459f

Measured

Completeness: 97.8%
Rows: 208
Columns: 4
Columns with gaps: 1

Rows per yearyear · 2000–2025 · 26 years

20002025

Column	Missing	Distinct	Range	Distribution
country_codevarchar	0%	7	—	CAN26 CHN26 DEU26
country_namevarchar	0%	9	—	Canada26 China26 France26
yearbigint	0%	27	2,000 → 2,025median 2,013
valuedouble	8.7%	209	0.6456 → 3.49median 2.21	4 outside 1st–99th percentile

Point any LLM at the metadata endpoint — the documentation above is machine-readable too (JSON-LD + Croissant).

cURL

curl "https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/world_bank/research_development_expenditure_gdp" | jq '{title, rows, columns_count, license}'

Python

import requests

ds = requests.get("https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/world_bank/research_development_expenditure_gdp").json()
print(ds["title"], ds["rows"], "rows")

# Sample rows for an LLM context window
for row in ds.get("sample_rows", [])[:5]:
    print(row)

API endpoint: https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/world_bank/research_development_expenditure_gdp

Tip: fetch /llms.txt for the full machine-readable catalog.

Cite this snapshot

Pinned to snapshot 20260923T141748Z-63839713459f and its content hash, so readers get exactly the data you used.

APA

World Bank. (2026). Research and development expenditure (% of GDP) [Data set, snapshot 20260923T141748Z-63839713459f, sha256 63839713459f]. Datazimuts. Retrieved 2026-09-23, from https://datazimuts.com/en/datasets/world_bank/research_development_expenditure_gdp?snapshot=20260923T141748Z-63839713459f

BibTeX

@misc{dz_world_bank_research_development_expendit_63839713,
  title        = {{Research and development expenditure (\% of GDP)}},
  author       = {{World Bank}},
  year         = {2026},
  publisher    = {Datazimuts},
  howpublished = {\url{https://datazimuts.com/en/datasets/world_bank/research_development_expenditure_gdp?snapshot=20260923T141748Z-63839713459f}},
  note         = {Snapshot 20260923T141748Z-63839713459f, sha256 63839713459f44a139ea1a9d35127a778d01fa5968097f3152c4988eac29622b; accessed 2026-09-23}
}

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Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

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