Name: US interstate migration: net flows, rates and wealth signals, annual
Creator: IRS Statistics of Income
License: https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-migration-data
Keywords: demographics, signals, annual, us, migration, rankings, population

Annual US state migration intelligence from IRS Statistics of Income migration data (filing years 2017-2023, 50 states + DC): US interstate inflow/outflow of tax returns, individuals and adjusted gross income (AGI in $ thousands, year-2 return), net flows, SOI's net migration rate per 1,000 filing returns, per-year net ranks, a wealth signal (average AGI of in-migrants vs out-migrants), migration churn, the top-3 inflow/outflow corridors per state-year, and within-series year-over-year momentum. SOI's 2022-2023 matching update added ~5% more matched returns, so 2017-2021 and 2022-2023 are separate methodology series (2022 YoY cells null by design). Caveats: matched filers only (not the full US population); mailing addresses may not be residences; state detail flows under 10 returns are suppressed. IRS SOI data are US federal public domain (17 U.S.C. 105, commercial reuse allowed); source: IRS Statistics of Income.

Source: IRS Statistics of Income
Rows: 357
Columns: 38
Source cadence: Yearly
Last refreshed: Sep 26, 2026
Theme: demographics

Column	Type	Description
filing_year	integer	The later filing year of the matched return pair (year-2 return); migration measured between filing_year-1 and filing_year addresses. (unit: year)
data_year	string	SOI data-year label for the matched pair, e.g. '2022-2023'.
state_fips	string	Two-digit FIPS code of the filing geography (50 states + DC); primary join key with filing_year.
state_abbr	string	USPS state abbreviation.
state_name	string	Provider-verbatim geography name from the SOI gross file.
country_code	string	ISO alpha-3 country code (USA for every row). (unit: ISO 3166-1 alpha-3)
method_series	string	SOI matching-methodology series: 'soi-2011' for filing years 2017-2021, 'soi-2022' for 2022-2023. The 2022-2023 matching update added ~5% more matched returns, so the two series are not directly comparable.
inflow_returns	integer	Number of matched returns that moved INTO the state from another US state between the two filing years (SOI origin code 97, 'Total Migration-US'). (unit: returns)
inflow_individuals	integer	Number of personal exemptions on in-migrant returns, approximating the number of individuals. (unit: individuals)
inflow_agi_k	float	Aggregate adjusted gross income of in-migrant returns, from the year-2 return. (unit: USD thousands)
inflow_foreign_returns	integer	Matched returns that moved into the state from a foreign address (SOI origin code 98). (unit: returns)
inflow_foreign_individuals	integer	Personal exemptions on foreign in-migrant returns. (unit: individuals)
inflow_foreign_agi_k	float	Aggregate AGI of foreign in-migrant returns. (unit: USD thousands)
outflow_returns	integer	Number of matched returns that moved OUT of the state to another US state (SOI destination code 97). (unit: returns)
outflow_individuals	integer	Personal exemptions on out-migrant returns. (unit: individuals)
outflow_agi_k	float	Aggregate AGI of out-migrant returns. (unit: USD thousands)
outflow_foreign_returns	integer	Matched returns that moved out of the state to a foreign address (SOI destination code 98). (unit: returns)
outflow_foreign_individuals	integer	Personal exemptions on foreign out-migrant returns. (unit: individuals)
outflow_foreign_agi_k	float	Aggregate AGI of foreign out-migrant returns. (unit: USD thousands)
net_returns	integer	US interstate net migration in returns: inflow_returns minus outflow_returns. Positive = net gainer. (unit: returns)
net_individuals	integer	US interstate net migration in individuals. (unit: individuals)
net_agi_k	float	US interstate net migration in aggregate AGI. (unit: USD thousands)
net_returns_total	integer	Net migration in returns including foreign flows. (unit: returns)
nonmigrant_returns	integer	Matched returns that did not change state between the two filing years (SOI gross file, all ages); denominator of the net migration rate. (unit: returns)
net_migration_rate_per_1000	float	SOI's published net migration rate: net_returns / (nonmigrant_returns + outflow_returns) * 1000. Headline comparability metric across states of different sizes. (unit: per 1,000 returns)
net_rate_rank	integer	Per-filing-year rank of net_migration_rate_per_1000 across the 51 geographies (1 = strongest net inflow; deterministic: rate desc, state FIPS asc). (unit: rank)
net_returns_rank	integer	Per-filing-year rank of net_returns (1 = largest net inflow in returns; deterministic). (unit: rank)
avg_agi_inmigrant_usd	float	Average AGI per in-migrant return (inflow_agi_k * 1000 / inflow_returns). (unit: USD)
avg_agi_outmigrant_usd	float	Average AGI per out-migrant return. (unit: USD)
wealth_ratio	float	avg_agi_inmigrant_usd / avg_agi_outmigrant_usd. Above 1 means in-migrants are richer on average than out-migrants (income 'brain gain'). (unit: ratio)
migration_churn_pct	float	(inflow_returns + outflow_returns) / (nonmigrant_returns + outflow_returns) * 100: share of the filing population that moved interstate. (unit: percent)
inflow_top3_origins	string	Three largest state-to-state inflow corridors as 'ABBR:returns' pairs (e.g. 'NY:43187, GA:23475, CA:20241'); foreign and suppressed (<10 returns) flows excluded.
outflow_top3_dests	string	Three largest state-to-state outflow corridors as 'ABBR:returns' pairs.
inflow_yoy_pct	float	Year-over-year percent change of inflow_returns, computed only within a methodology series; null across the 2021->2022 series break and for 2017. (unit: percent)
outflow_yoy_pct	float	Year-over-year percent change of outflow_returns, within-series only. (unit: percent)
net_returns_yoy_delta	float	Year-over-year absolute change of net_returns (levels, since net crosses zero), within-series only. (unit: returns)
provenance_url	string	The IRS SOI migration-data page covering this data year (per-row provenance).
row_hash	string	Deterministic 16-hex row hash of state_fips + filing_year (idempotency).

First 10 sample rows — a preview, not the complete dataset.

filing_year	data_year	state_fips	state_abbr	state_name	country_code	method_series	inflow_returns	inflow_individuals	inflow_agi_k	inflow_foreign_returns	inflow_foreign_individuals	inflow_foreign_agi_k	outflow_returns	outflow_individuals	outflow_agi_k	outflow_foreign_returns	outflow_foreign_individuals	outflow_foreign_agi_k	net_returns	net_individuals	net_agi_k	net_returns_total	nonmigrant_returns	net_migration_rate_per_1000	net_rate_rank	net_returns_rank	avg_agi_inmigrant_usd	avg_agi_outmigrant_usd	wealth_ratio	migration_churn_pct	inflow_top3_origins	outflow_top3_dests	inflow_yoy_pct	outflow_yoy_pct	net_returns_yoy_delta	provenance_url	row_hash
2,017	2016-2017	01	AL	Alabama	USA	soi-2011	58,705	123,967	3,512,308	620	1,546	35,476	54,873	111,668	3,010,171	795	1,981	47,892	3,832	12,299	502,137	3,657	1,538,912	2.404	18	18	59,829.793	54,857.052	1.091	7.126	GA:9421, FL:7949, TN:5030	GA:9625, FL:8189, TN:5283	—	—	—	https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-migration-data	dfb25417669bb129
2,017	2016-2017	02	AK	Alaska	USA	soi-2011	17,479	35,838	912,392	399	952	19,374	23,997	51,120	1,509,996	557	1,244	28,670	-6,518	-15,282	-597,604	-6,676	252,515	-23.572	51	38	52,199.325	62,924.366	0.83	15	CA:1731, WA:1648, TX:1549	WA:2973, TX:1825, CA:1819	—	—	—	https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-migration-data	08f205f7d39505bb
2,017	2016-2017	04	AZ	Arizona	USA	soi-2011	146,729	282,095	10,238,659	1,117	2,547	56,178	107,568	206,556	6,465,785	1,243	2,658	71,265	39,161	75,539	3,772,874	39,035	2,215,458	16.858	4	3	69,779.382	60,108.815	1.161	10.947	CA:31675, TX:9974, CO:8216	CA:18616, TX:9481, CO:6267	—	—	—	https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-migration-data	3d7fef0d27b33e8d
2,017	2016-2017	05	AR	Arkansas	USA	soi-2011	39,439	81,900	2,128,746	275	620	12,207	37,506	76,747	2,051,564	327	663	13,863	1,933	5,153	77,182	1,881	909,790	2.041	19	20	53,975.659	54,699.621	0.987	8.123	TX:7701, MO:3514, OK:3501	TX:7385, MO:3490, OK:3152	—	—	—	https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-migration-data	4137c9c05e501b4d
2,017	2016-2017	06	CA	California	USA	soi-2011	322,066	560,173	24,199,153	5,381	11,031	251,571	387,080	738,242	31,074,294	5,706	12,350	303,767	-65,014	-178,069	-6,875,141	-65,339	13,617,225	-4.642	37	49	75,137.248	80,278.738	0.936	5.064	TX:29370, NY:26718, WA:19598	TX:41707, WA:32187, AZ:31675	—	—	—	https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-migration-data	b6644715086ab970
2,017	2016-2017	08	CO	Colorado	USA	soi-2011	147,031	264,701	10,193,373	1,439	3,342	75,326	121,458	231,954	7,750,002	1,467	3,660	86,767	25,573	32,747	2,443,371	25,545	1,856,952	12.926	7	7	69,328.053	63,808.082	1.087	13.571	CA:17094, TX:16116, FL:9643	TX:12922, CA:11966, FL:8263	—	—	—	https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-migration-data	1769bfb81092412b
2,017	2016-2017	09	CT	Connecticut	USA	soi-2011	50,107	89,877	4,654,132	271	604	9,137	62,664	109,623	6,770,363	370	714	16,313	-12,557	-19,746	-2,116,231	-12,656	1,349,614	-8.891	44	43	92,883.869	108,042.305	0.86	7.985	NY:15036, MA:6195, FL:4563	FL:9855, NY:9690, MA:6530	—	—	—	https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-migration-data	d42ad96053492f5b
2,017	2016-2017	10	DE	Delaware	USA	soi-2011	23,324	42,918	1,665,977	148	352	7,210	19,462	35,740	1,318,895	191	397	8,525	3,862	7,178	347,082	3,819	344,440	10.613	11	17	71,427.585	67,767.701	1.054	11.758	PA:5992, MD:4865, NJ:2834	PA:4222, MD:3258, FL:1830	—	—	—	https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-migration-data	f6eeb1ad1d147144
2,017	2016-2017	11	DC	District of Columbia	USA	soi-2011	35,336	47,571	2,769,678	255	490	25,981	40,180	60,002	3,631,386	516	1,018	58,365	-4,844	-12,431	-861,708	-5,105	250,465	-16.666	48	34	78,381.198	90,377.949	0.867	25.982	MD:9495, VA:7766, NY:2536	MD:12664, VA:7307, CA:3143	—	—	—	https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-migration-data	62f9920b841a8e18
2,017	2016-2017	12	FL	Florida	USA	soi-2011	390,012	736,023	32,958,576	5,009	11,543	232,251	299,072	545,179	17,423,207	4,753	10,049	233,478	90,940	190,844	15,535,369	91,196	7,104,319	12.284	8	1	84,506.569	58,257.567	1.451	9.308	NY:44629, GA:25503, TX:22565	GA:28310, TX:22256, NY:20916	—	—	—	https://www.irs.gov/statistics/soi-tax-stats-migration-data	5bc7d31b541125f7

Sep 26, 2026Current
20260926T100507Z-36874559fda5 · sha256 36874559fda5…
357 rows · first snapshot

Point any LLM at the metadata endpoint — the documentation above is machine-readable too (JSON-LD + Croissant).

cURL

curl "https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/us_state_migration_signals/us_state_migration_annual" | jq '{title, rows, columns_count, license}'

Python

import requests

ds = requests.get("https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/us_state_migration_signals/us_state_migration_annual").json()
print(ds["title"], ds["rows"], "rows")

# Sample rows for an LLM context window
for row in ds.get("sample_rows", [])[:5]:
    print(row)

API endpoint: https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/us_state_migration_signals/us_state_migration_annual

Tip: fetch /llms.txt for the full machine-readable catalog.

Where this data comes from and what was made from it. Other people's work shows as counts; only shared projects are named.

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Pinned to snapshot 20260926T100507Z-36874559fda5 and its content hash, so readers get exactly the data you used.

APA

IRS Statistics of Income. (2026). US interstate migration: net flows, rates and wealth signals, annual [Data set, snapshot 20260926T100507Z-36874559fda5, sha256 36874559fda5]. Datazimuts. Retrieved 2026-09-26, from https://datazimuts.com/en/datasets/us_state_migration_signals/us_state_migration_annual?snapshot=20260926T100507Z-36874559fda5

BibTeX

@misc{dz_us_state_migration_signals_us_state_migr_36874559,
  title        = {{US interstate migration: net flows, rates and wealth signals, annual}},
  author       = {{IRS Statistics of Income}},
  year         = {2026},
  publisher    = {Datazimuts},
  howpublished = {\url{https://datazimuts.com/en/datasets/us_state_migration_signals/us_state_migration_annual?snapshot=20260926T100507Z-36874559fda5}},
  note         = {Snapshot 20260926T100507Z-36874559fda5, sha256 36874559fda5b6127bfb1a4d149f7c58641a3fe52244f0da0b2636620a1b3d52; accessed 2026-09-26}
}

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