US state migration components (annual, Census estimates)

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Annual US state migration intelligence from the keyless U.S. Census Bureau Vintage 2025 population estimates components-of-change file: one row per (state, year) for the 50 states + District of Columbia over the five full July-to-June estimates periods 2021-2025, plus five national baseline rows. Each row carries population, population change, births, deaths, natural change, domestic and international net migration (all verbatim), the Census-published per-1,000 migration rates, net migration's share of population growth, the dominant flow driver (international/domestic), and the state's net rate minus the national rate. Transformation: a documented 0-100 migration-momentum score (min-max per year of the winsorized (+/-30) net migration rate across the 51 states; higher = strongest per-capita inflow), per-year deterministic ranks, and flow-regime labels (hotspot = top decile, coldspot = bottom decile, inflow/outflow). Method: exact component identities are gated before ingest (births - deaths == natural change; domestic + international == net migration); the 2020 stub period (April-July 2020) and Puerto Rico are excluded by design. Caveats: estimates are modeled annual components, not observed mover counts; the score is a relative cross-state demand gauge, not a migration forecast. U.S. federal public domain (commercial reuse allowed with attribution to the U.S. Census Bureau).

Source: IRS Statistics of Income
Rows: 260
Columns: 26
Source cadence: Yearly
Last refreshed: Sep 29, 2026
Theme: demographics

Column	Type	Description
row_kind	string	'state' for the 50 states + District of Columbia; 'national' for the U.S. baseline rows (score, rank, and regime are null on national rows — they are not in the cross-state peer group).
state	string	Canonical state name ('District of Columbia'; 'United States' on national baseline rows).
state_code	string	USPS postal abbreviation for states and DC ('US' on the national baseline rows); the join key for state-grain panels.
country_code	string	ISO alpha-3 country code (USA for every row). (unit: ISO 3166-1 alpha-3)
year	integer	Estimates year: the July-1-to-June-30 period ending July 1 of this year (Census population-estimates convention). The 2020 stub period (April 1-July 1, 2020) is excluded. (unit: year)
population	integer	July 1 resident population estimate, verbatim from the Census file. (unit: persons)
pop_change	integer	Numeric change in resident population over the estimates year, verbatim from the Census file. (unit: persons)
births	integer	Births in the estimates year (July 1-June 30), verbatim. (unit: persons)
deaths	integer	Deaths in the estimates year (July 1-June 30), verbatim. (unit: persons)
natural_change	integer	births minus deaths, verbatim (gated: equals births - deaths exactly in the source). (unit: persons)
domestic_mig	integer	Net domestic migration (in-migrants minus out-migrants across state lines), verbatim. Nets to zero nationally by construction. (unit: persons)
intl_mig	integer	Net international migration, verbatim. (unit: persons)
net_mig	integer	Net total migration = domestic_mig + intl_mig, verbatim (gated: the identity holds exactly in the source). (unit: persons)
net_mig_rate_per_1k	float	Census-published net migration rate per 1,000 population (denominator: average of beginning- and end-of-period population), verbatim from the file. (unit: migrants per 1,000)
domestic_mig_rate_per_1k	float	Census-published net domestic migration rate per 1,000, verbatim. (unit: migrants per 1,000)
intl_mig_rate_per_1k	float	Census-published net international migration rate per 1,000, verbatim. (unit: migrants per 1,000)
mig_share_of_pop_growth	float	net_mig / pop_change: the share of that year's population growth funded by net migration (can exceed 1 or go negative when natural change and migration point opposite ways; null when pop_change is zero). (unit: fraction)
flow_driver	string	'international' or 'domestic': the migration component with the larger absolute value that year; 'even' on an exact tie (in practice only the national row, where domestic nets to zero).
us_net_rate_per_1k	float	The national net migration rate per 1,000 for the same year, carried from the Census national row; the baseline for the vs-US column. (unit: migrants per 1,000)
net_rate_vs_us_pp	float	net_mig_rate_per_1k minus us_net_rate_per_1k (0.0 on the national row). Positive = the state attracted migrants faster than the nation. (unit: migrants per 1,000)
migration_momentum_score	float	Documented 0-100 composite: 100 * min-max(winsor(net_mig_rate_per_1k, +/-30)) taken over the 51 state rows of the same year. Higher = strongest per-capita net inflow that year. Null on national rows. (unit: 0-100 score)
momentum_rank_year	integer	Per-year rank of migration_momentum_score across the 51 states (1 = strongest inflow; rank method 'min'; null on national rows). (unit: rank)
flow_regime	string	Per-year decile labels on the net rate: 'hotspot' (top decile), 'inflow' (rate > 0), 'outflow' (rate < 0), 'coldspot' (bottom decile). Null on national rows.
as_of	string	Fetch date in UTC (snapshot vintage). (unit: ISO date)
source_url	string	The exact Census alldata CSV URL the row was read from (provenance). (unit: URL)
row_hash	string	Deterministic 16-hex row hash of state_code + year (idempotency).

First 10 sample rows — a preview, not the complete dataset.

row_kind	state	state_code	country_code	year	population	pop_change	births	deaths	natural_change	domestic_mig	intl_mig	net_mig	net_mig_rate_per_1k	domestic_mig_rate_per_1k	intl_mig_rate_per_1k	mig_share_of_pop_growth	flow_driver	us_net_rate_per_1k	net_rate_vs_us_pp	migration_momentum_score	momentum_rank_year	flow_regime	as_of	source_url	row_hash
state	Alabama	AL	USA	2,025	5,193,088	30,033	57,680	59,868	-2,188	23,358	8,946	32,304	6.239	4.511	1.728	1.076	domestic	3.703	2.536	54.406	15	inflow	2026-09-29	https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/state/totals/NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv	a2e00f73fccc95d0
state	Alaska	AK	USA	2,025	737,270	733	8,867	5,559	3,308	-4,525	1,959	-2,566	-3.482	-6.141	2.658	-3.501	domestic	3.703	-7.185	0	51	coldspot	2026-09-29	https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/state/totals/NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv	4a13ea268a280c59
state	Arizona	AZ	USA	2,025	7,623,818	67,394	78,926	71,277	7,649	31,107	28,219	59,326	7.816	4.098	3.718	0.88	domestic	3.703	4.114	63.236	8	inflow	2026-09-29	https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/state/totals/NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv	0213ded8e77fe421
state	Arkansas	AR	USA	2,025	3,114,791	18,711	35,414	36,638	-1,224	14,475	5,470	19,945	6.423	4.661	1.761	1.066	domestic	3.703	2.72	55.436	12	inflow	2026-09-29	https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/state/totals/NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv	cf75b77bb87cf2d9
state	California	CA	USA	2,025	39,355,309	-9,465	398,632	288,917	109,715	-229,077	109,278	-119,799	-3.044	-5.82	2.776	12.657	domestic	3.703	-6.746	2.454	50	coldspot	2026-09-29	https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/state/totals/NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv	378ad5b7aa984824
state	Colorado	CO	USA	2,025	6,012,561	24,059	65,380	44,772	20,608	-12,100	15,356	3,256	0.543	-2.016	2.559	0.135	international	3.703	-3.16	22.526	42	inflow	2026-09-29	https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/state/totals/NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv	78cf598f8bd2ad93
state	Connecticut	CT	USA	2,025	3,688,496	14,047	34,700	32,417	2,283	-5,945	17,534	11,589	3.148	-1.615	4.763	0.825	international	3.703	-0.555	37.108	29	inflow	2026-09-29	https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/state/totals/NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv	1a4c36ff041b487f
state	Delaware	DE	USA	2,025	1,059,952	9,829	10,328	10,882	-554	6,855	3,473	10,328	9.789	6.497	3.292	1.051	domestic	3.703	6.087	74.279	4	hotspot	2026-09-29	https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/state/totals/NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv	7bd3dddb0e23cc3e
state	District of Columbia	DC	USA	2,025	693,645	2,335	7,336	4,820	2,516	-4,128	3,915	-213	-0.308	-5.961	5.654	-0.091	domestic	3.703	-4.01	17.768	47	coldspot	2026-09-29	https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/state/totals/NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv	0368e6233588d13a
state	Florida	FL	USA	2,025	23,462,518	196,680	225,971	227,304	-1,333	22,517	178,674	201,191	8.611	0.964	7.647	1.023	international	3.703	4.908	67.685	5	hotspot	2026-09-29	https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2025/state/totals/NST-EST2025-ALLDATA.csv	3de70fc0b5ae04c6

Point any LLM at the metadata endpoint — the documentation above is machine-readable too (JSON-LD + Croissant).

cURL

curl "https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/us_state_migration_signals/census_components_annual" | jq '{title, rows, columns_count, license}'

Python

import requests

ds = requests.get("https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/us_state_migration_signals/census_components_annual").json()
print(ds["title"], ds["rows"], "rows")

# Sample rows for an LLM context window
for row in ds.get("sample_rows", [])[:5]:
    print(row)

API endpoint: https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/us_state_migration_signals/census_components_annual

Tip: fetch /llms.txt for the full machine-readable catalog.

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Pinned to snapshot 20260929T093205Z-72ac6761463d and its content hash, so readers get exactly the data you used.

APA

IRS Statistics of Income. (2026). US state migration components (annual, Census estimates) [Data set, snapshot 20260929T093205Z-72ac6761463d, sha256 72ac6761463d]. Datazimuts. Retrieved 2026-09-30, from https://datazimuts.com/en/datasets/us_state_migration_signals/census_components_annual?snapshot=20260929T093205Z-72ac6761463d

BibTeX

@misc{dz_us_state_migration_signals_census_compon_72ac6761,
  title        = {{US state migration components (annual, Census estimates)}},
  author       = {{IRS Statistics of Income}},
  year         = {2026},
  publisher    = {Datazimuts},
  howpublished = {\url{https://datazimuts.com/en/datasets/us_state_migration_signals/census_components_annual?snapshot=20260929T093205Z-72ac6761463d}},
  note         = {Snapshot 20260929T093205Z-72ac6761463d, sha256 72ac6761463d157651a8adbdfe495842a38af98b1feb9805abaf9461719d7fd2; accessed 2026-09-30}
}

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US state migration components (annual, Census estimates)

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