U.S. Senate roll-call vote intelligence: party cohesion, controversy

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Daily intelligence panel of every Senate roll-call vote in the 119th Congress, 2nd session, from the keyless Senate LIS XML feed (senate.gov): vote tallies, Republican/Democratic/Independent positions with intra-party disagreement rates computed from the individual ballots, turnout against 100 seats, and a documented 0-100 controversy score (closeness of the vote, caucus dissent, party split) ranked as controversy_rank. Flags identify unanimous votes, Democrat/Republican splits, cross-partisan alignment, caucus dissent, and suspected free votes (>=1% mean disagreement, a heuristic). Caveats: only recorded roll calls appear (no voice votes); Present and Not Voting/Absent are abstentions, not dissent; vacancies may push turnout below 100%; party tallies are recomputed from the ballots. U.S. federal public domain (17 U.S.C. 105); commercial_use=yes.

Source: U.S. House Clerk + Senate LIS roll-call feeds
Rows: 244
Columns: 41
Source cadence: Daily
Last refreshed: Sep 27, 2026
Theme: government

Column	Type	Description
vote_id	string	Stable vote identifier: '<chamber>-<congress>-<session>/<vote number>', e.g. 'house-119-2/314'. Primary key.
chamber	string	Chamber of Congress: 'house' or 'senate'.
congress	integer	U.S. Congress number (119 for every row).
session	integer	Session of the Congress (2 for every row).
vote_number	integer	Roll-call (House) or vote (Senate) number within the session, in order of occurrence.
vote_date	string	Date the roll-call vote was held (ISO date). (unit: ISO date)
country_code	string	ISO alpha-3 country code (USA for every row). (unit: ISO 3166-1 alpha-3)
question_text	string	Vote question, verbatim from the upstream feed: House 'vote-question' plus 'vote-desc' (e.g. 'On Motion to Suspend the Rules and Pass — Retire through Ownership Act'); Senate 'vote_question_text' (e.g. 'On the Concurrent Resolution H.Con.Res. 89').
issue	string	Associated measure, verbatim upstream: House 'legis-num' (e.g. 'S 2403'); Senate 'document_name' or 'vote_title' (e.g. 'H.Con.Res. 89'). Null when the vote has no associated measure.
vote_type	string	Majority requirement, verbatim upstream: House 'vote-type' (e.g. '2/3 YEA-AND-NAY'); Senate 'majority_requirement' (e.g. '1/2').
result	string	Official vote outcome, verbatim upstream (e.g. 'Passed', 'Concurrent Resolution Rejected (49-50)').
yea_total	integer	Ballots cast 'Yea'.
nay_total	integer	Ballots cast 'Nay'.
present_total	integer	Ballots cast 'Present' (counted as abstentions for turnout, excluded from disagreement math).
not_voting_total	integer	Members recorded 'Not Voting' (Senate: also those counted 'absent' in the official tally).
total_ballots	integer	yea_total + nay_total + present_total + not_voting_total.
margin_votes	integer	Absolute vote margin \|yea - nay\|.
margin_pct	float	100 * margin_votes / (yea + nay); null when no yea/nay votes were cast. (unit: percent)
turnout_pct	float	100 * total_ballots / chamber seats (435 House, 100 Senate). Vacancies can push this below 100%. (unit: percent)
republican_vote	string	Republican position: 'yes', 'no', 'split' (exactly tied caucus), 'didnt_vote' (no Yea/Nay ballots), or null when the party has no members on record.
republican_disagreement	float	Fraction of Republican Yea+Nay ballots cast against the party position (0 = full discipline); min(yea,nay)/(yea+nay) for a 'split' position, 0.0 for 'didnt_vote'. Present/Not Voting ballots excluded. (unit: fraction)
democratic_vote	string	Democratic position: 'yes', 'no', 'split', 'didnt_vote', or null.
democratic_disagreement	float	Fraction of Democratic Yea+Nay ballots cast against the party position. (unit: fraction)
independent_vote	string	Independent position: 'yes', 'no', 'split', 'didnt_vote', or null (the House independent group usually has no members). Senate 'ID' ballots count as Independent.
independent_disagreement	float	Fraction of Independent Yea+Nay ballots cast against the party position; null when the party has no members on record. (unit: fraction)
n_parties_yes	integer	Parties with a 'yes' position.
n_parties_no	integer	Parties with a 'no' position.
n_parties_abstain	integer	Parties with a 'didnt_vote' position (no Yea/Nay ballots); excluded from the yes/no counts. 'split' parties are counted separately (neither yes nor no).
n_dissenting_parties	integer	Parties with disagreement > 0 on this vote.
max_disagreement	float	Largest intra-party disagreement fraction on this vote. (unit: fraction)
max_disagreement_party	string	Column prefix of the party with the largest disagreement (null when every party voted with full discipline).
mean_disagreement	float	Mean intra-party disagreement across parties with members on this vote. (unit: fraction)
unanimous_flag	boolean	True when every party with members voted the same yes/no way (no split or abstaining parties).
dem_rep_split_flag	boolean	True when the Democratic and Republican positions are yes/no and oppose each other.
cross_partisan_flag	boolean	True when the Democratic and Republican positions are yes/no and identical.
dissent_flag	boolean	True when any party had intra-party disagreement > 0 on this vote.
free_vote_suspect_flag	boolean	Heuristic only: true when mean_disagreement >= 0.01. Congressional feeds publish no whip designations, so this is an inference, not an official label.
controversy_score	float	0-100 controversy score = 100 * (0.45 * closeness + 0.35 * max_disagreement + 0.20 * party_split), where closeness = 1 - \|yea-nay\|/(yea+nay), and party_split = min(n_yes, n_no)/n_parties_with_yes_no_position. 0 = unanimous whipped vote; ~100 = tied vote with caucus dissent and an even party split. (unit: 0-100 score)
controversy_rank	integer	Rank of controversy_score (1 = most controversial; deterministic tie-break: vote_date desc, vote_number desc). Ranked within each chamber's panel.
provenance_url	string	Upstream URL of this vote's roll-call XML (clerk.house.gov or senate.gov).
row_hash	string	Deterministic 16-hex-char row hash over chamber, vote_id, date, tallies and per-party positions/disagreement (idempotency).

First 10 sample rows — a preview, not the complete dataset.

vote_id	chamber	congress	session	vote_number	vote_date	country_code	question_text	issue	vote_type	result	yea_total	nay_total	not_voting_total	total_ballots	margin_votes	margin_pct	turnout_pct	republican_vote	republican_disagreement	democratic_vote	democratic_disagreement	independent_vote	independent_disagreement	n_parties_yes	n_parties_no	n_dissenting_parties	max_disagreement	max_disagreement_party	mean_disagreement	unanimous_flag	dem_rep_split_flag	cross_partisan_flag	dissent_flag	free_vote_suspect_flag	controversy_score	controversy_rank	provenance_url	row_hash
senate-119-2/1	senate	119	2	1	2026-01-05	USA	On the Nomination PN12-1	PN12-1	1/2	Nomination Confirmed (50-35)	50	35	15	100	15	17.647	100	yes	0.023	no	0.154	split	0.5	1	1	3	0.5	independent	0.226	false	true	false	true	true	64.56	4	https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00001.xml	c2588ae7b4deec55
senate-119-2/2	senate	119	2	2	2026-01-06	USA	On the Nomination PN499-11	PN499-11	1/2	Nomination Confirmed (53-47)	53	47	0	100	6	6	100	yes	0	no	0	no	0	1	2	0	0	—	0	false	true	false	false	false	48.97	161	https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00002.xml	c3765ef71bb04892
senate-119-2/3	senate	119	2	3	2026-01-06	USA	On the Nomination PN373	PN373	1/2	Nomination Confirmed (52-48)	52	48	0	100	4	4	100	yes	0.019	no	0	no	0	1	2	1	0.019	republican	0.006	false	true	false	true	false	50.53	86	https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00003.xml	8d084af44f816f7f
senate-119-2/4	senate	119	2	4	2026-01-07	USA	On the Motion to Proceed S.J.Res. 86	S.J.Res. 86	1/2	Motion to Proceed Rejected (43-50)	43	50	7	100	7	7.527	100	no	0	yes	0	yes	0	2	1	0	0	—	0	false	true	false	false	false	48.28	202	https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00004.xml	93cb9dfa7c6e0055
senate-119-2/5	senate	119	2	5	2026-01-08	USA	On the Motion to Discharge S.J.Res. 98	S.J.Res. 98	1/2	Motion to Discharge Agreed to (52-47)	52	47	1	100	5	5.051	100	no	0.096	yes	0	yes	0	2	1	1	0.096	republican	0.032	false	true	false	true	true	52.76	41	https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00005.xml	2ea94f38e43de4cf
senate-119-2/6	senate	119	2	6	2026-01-08	USA	On the Nomination PN615-2	PN615-2	1/2	Nomination Confirmed (53-40)	53	40	7	100	13	13.978	100	yes	0	no	0.133	split	0.5	1	1	2	0.5	independent	0.211	false	true	false	true	true	66.21	2	https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00006.xml	2933086c0d02146d
senate-119-2/7	senate	119	2	7	2026-01-12	USA	On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed H.R. 6938	H.R. 6938	3/5	Cloture on the Motion to Proceed Agreed to (80-13, 3/5 majority required)	80	13	7	100	67	72.043	100	yes	0.064	yes	0.205	split	0.5	2	0	3	0.5	independent	0.256	false	false	true	true	true	30.08	226	https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00007.xml	e90ceae1350737b1
senate-119-2/8	senate	119	2	8	2026-01-13	USA	On the Motion to Proceed S.J.Res. 84	S.J.Res. 84	1/2	Motion to Proceed Rejected (47-52)	47	52	1	100	5	5.051	100	no	0	yes	0	yes	0	2	1	0	0	—	0	false	true	false	false	false	49.39	135	https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00008.xml	d6c52b1f4f0b6a4b
senate-119-2/9	senate	119	2	9	2026-01-14	USA	On the Point of Order S.J.Res. 98	S.J.Res. 98	1/2	Point of Order Well Taken (50-50, Vice President of the United States, voted Yea)	50	50	0	100	0	0	100	yes	0.057	no	0	no	0	1	2	1	0.057	republican	0.019	false	true	false	true	true	53.65	23	https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00009.xml	fc22b389a3c511f4
senate-119-2/10	senate	119	2	10	2026-01-15	USA	On the Cloture Motion H.R. 6938	H.R. 6938	3/5	Cloture Motion Agreed to (85-14, 3/5 majority required)	85	14	1	100	71	71.717	100	yes	0.075	yes	0.205	split	0.5	2	0	3	0.5	independent	0.26	false	false	true	true	true	30.23	225	https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_votes/vote1192/vote_119_2_00010.xml	869acd950e762688

Point any LLM at the metadata endpoint — the documentation above is machine-readable too (JSON-LD + Croissant).

cURL

curl "https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/us_congress_votes/us_senate_vote_intel" | jq '{title, rows, columns_count, license}'

Python

import requests

ds = requests.get("https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/us_congress_votes/us_senate_vote_intel").json()
print(ds["title"], ds["rows"], "rows")

# Sample rows for an LLM context window
for row in ds.get("sample_rows", [])[:5]:
    print(row)

API endpoint: https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/us_congress_votes/us_senate_vote_intel

Tip: fetch /llms.txt for the full machine-readable catalog.

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Pinned to snapshot 20260927T153951Z-a688a52bb35b and its content hash, so readers get exactly the data you used.

APA

U.S. House Clerk + Senate LIS roll-call feeds. (2026). U.S. Senate roll-call vote intelligence: party cohesion, controversy [Data set, snapshot 20260927T153951Z-a688a52bb35b, sha256 a688a52bb35b]. Datazimuts. Retrieved 2026-09-27, from https://datazimuts.com/en/datasets/us_congress_votes/us_senate_vote_intel?snapshot=20260927T153951Z-a688a52bb35b

BibTeX

@misc{dz_us_congress_votes_us_senate_vote_intel_a688a52b,
  title        = {{U.S. Senate roll-call vote intelligence: party cohesion, controversy}},
  author       = {{U.S. House Clerk + Senate LIS roll-call feeds}},
  year         = {2026},
  publisher    = {Datazimuts},
  howpublished = {\url{https://datazimuts.com/en/datasets/us_congress_votes/us_senate_vote_intel?snapshot=20260927T153951Z-a688a52bb35b}},
  note         = {Snapshot 20260927T153951Z-a688a52bb35b, sha256 a688a52bb35b2c2628292f41f9594255114e2e6464a4fabe7199a636395d7a05; accessed 2026-09-27}
}

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U.S. Senate roll-call vote intelligence: party cohesion, controversy

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