Government revenue, expenditure and fiscal balance, % of GDP (annual)

Annual general government revenue, expenditure and net lending(+)/net borrowing(-) as a percentage of GDP, for EU member states, EFTA countries and EU/euro-area aggregates. Eurostat dataset gov_10a_main ('Government revenue, expenditure and main aggregates', ESA 2010). Each row is one (year, country, indicator): TR is total general government revenue, TE is total general government expenditure, and B9 is net lending(+)/net borrowing(-) — a negative B9 is a government deficit (net borrowing), a positive B9 a surplus (net lending). Method: Eurostat compiles national accounts transmitted by EU member states under ESA 2010, sector general government (S13); non-EU/EFTA/candidate countries are dropped (same licensing rule as the other Eurostat datasets). Units: percent of GDP. Caveats: early years are sparse for some countries (coverage starts 1975 but most series begin in the 1990s); the EU27_2020, EA21, EA20 and EA19 aggregates are included as published; the latest year is provisional and revised. Coverage: 34 geographic units, 1975 to the present, annual. Provenance: Eurostat keyless JSON-stat API, free reuse with attribution (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) - please cite Eurostat. Primary key: (year, country_code, indicator). Join keys: country_code (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3), year. Cadence: refreshed yearly; Eurostat updates the dataset in July. Sample use: filter indicator='B9' and country_code='FRA' to track France's deficit as a share of GDP.