Euro bilateral exchange rates (monthly average)

Monthly bilateral euro exchange rates: units of national currency per 1 euro, averaged over the reference month, for 40 currencies (euro-area and EU non-euro currencies, plus major world currencies such as USD, GBP, JPY, CNY and CHF). Eurostat dataset ert_bil_eur_m ('Euro/ECU exchange rates - monthly data'), statistical information statinfo=AVG ('Average'), unit NAC ('National currency'), frequency M. Each row is one (month, currency): the average market rate. Method: Eurostat compiles reference rates reported by central banks; the rate is the number of foreign currency units that buy one euro (e.g. USD/EUR 1.16 means 1 euro buys 1.16 US dollars). Units: national currency per euro. Caveats: a rising rate is a euro appreciation, not a depreciation; recent months are revised when underlying reference rates are corrected; the 'currency' dimension is currencies, not countries, so the connector's commercial-use geo rule does not apply and all published currencies are kept. Coverage: 40 currencies, 1971-01 to the present, monthly. Provenance: Eurostat keyless JSON-stat API, free reuse with attribution (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) - please cite Eurostat. Primary key: (month, currency_code). Join keys: currency_code (ISO 4217), month. Cadence: refreshed monthly; Eurostat updates the dataset in the first week of the month. Sample use: filter currency_code='USD' to track the EUR/USD average monthly rate.