Euro bilateral exchange rates (month-end)

Month-end bilateral euro exchange rates: units of national currency per 1 euro at the end of the reference month, for 40 currencies (euro-area and EU non-euro currencies, plus major world currencies such as USD, GBP, JPY, CNY and CHF). Eurostat dataset ert_bil_eur_m ('Euro/ECU exchange rates - monthly data'), statistical information statinfo=END ('Value at the end of the period'), unit NAC ('National currency'), frequency M. Each row is one (month, currency): the rate on the month's last reference-rate day. Method: Eurostat compiles reference rates reported by central banks; the rate is the number of foreign currency units that buy one euro. Units: national currency per euro. Caveats: month-end rates are point-in-time (more volatile than the monthly average); a rising rate is a euro appreciation; the 'currency' dimension is currencies, not countries, so the connector's commercial-use geo rule does not apply and all published currencies are kept. Coverage: 40 currencies, 1971-01 to the present, monthly. Provenance: Eurostat keyless JSON-stat API, free reuse with attribution (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) - please cite Eurostat. Primary key: (month, currency_code). Join keys: currency_code (ISO 4217), month. Cadence: refreshed monthly; Eurostat updates the dataset in the first week of the month. Sample use: filter currency_code='GBP' to track the month-end EUR/GBP rate, or join to the monthly-average dataset on (month, currency_code) to compare intra-month volatility.