Government expenditure by COFOG function, % of GDP (annual)

Annual general government expenditure by function of government (COFOG), as a percentage of GDP, for EU member states, EFTA countries, EU candidates and EU/euro-area aggregates. Eurostat dataset gov_10a_exp ('General government expenditure by function (COFOG)', ESA 2010). Each row is one (year, country, function): the ten first-level COFOG divisions GF01-GF10 — general public services, defence, public order and safety, economic affairs, environmental protection, housing and community amenities, health, recreation/culture/religion, education, social protection — with the TOTAL aggregate and second-level subdivisions excluded so nothing is double counted. Method: Eurostat compiles national accounts transmitted by EU member states under ESA 2010, sector general government (S13), indicator TE (total general government expenditure); non-EU/EFTA/candidate countries are dropped (same licensing rule as the other Eurostat datasets). Units: percent of GDP. Caveats: coverage starts 1990 but most series begin in the 1990s-2000s; the EU27_2020, EA20, EA19 and other aggregates are included as published; the latest year is provisional and revised. Coverage: ~40 geographic units, 1990 to the present, annual. Provenance: Eurostat keyless JSON-stat API, free reuse with attribution (Commission Decision 2011/833/EU) - please cite Eurostat. Primary key: (year, country_code, function). Join keys: country_code (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3), year. Cadence: refreshed yearly; Eurostat updates the dataset in July. Sample use: filter function='GF02' and country_code='FRA' to track French defence spending as a share of GDP.

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