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US Sahm-rule labor-recession signals

Monthly US Sahm-rule recession signals from the BLS unemployment rate (FRED UNRATE, 1948 ->): the 3-month average unemployment rate minus its 12-month low (pp), with the 0.50pp recession trigger flag, a 0.30pp warning flag, a fast-rise flag, 3-month momentum, 30-month change volatility, 3-sigma anomaly flags, drift forecasts, a 5-year z-score, and the 12-month unemployment-rate change. The rule-based, transparent companion to us-recession-probability-signals (model probability) and the deterioration lens on us-labor-market-signals (raw levels). All rows normalized to country_code USA. Raw series: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics via FRED.

Source: Sahm-Rule Labor Signals (derived)943 rowsUpdated: 9/22/2026
sahm-rulerecessionunemploymentlabor-marketbusiness-cycleblsreal-time-indicatormomentumanomaly-detectionforecastingsignalsfred

Quality

99.6

Attribution

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics via FRED; Sahm-rule derivation and signals by Frontier Data Hub

Schema

ColumnTypeDescription
datestringObservation date (FRED API field date; YYYY-MM-DD, monthly).
countrystring
country_codestring
series_idstringSAHM: the Sahm Rule recession indicator, derived from FRED series UNRATE (Unemployment Rate, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey).
series_labelstringSahm Rule recession indicator: the 3-month moving average of the unemployment rate minus its 12-month low, in percentage points.
valuefloatSahm Rule indicator value in percentage points: 3-month average unemployment rate minus the 12-month low. Readings at or above 0.50 have coincided with the start of every US recession since 1970 (Claudia Sahm).
momentum_3mfloat
volatility_30dfloat
anomaly_flaginteger
forecast_1mfloat
recession_flaginteger
warning_flaginteger
rising_fast_flaginteger
sahm_z_5yfloat
unemp_12m_change_ppfloat

Sample rows

datecountrycountry_codeseries_idseries_labelvaluemomentum_3mvolatility_30danomaly_flagforecast_1mrecession_flagwarning_flagrising_fast_flagsahm_z_5yunemp_12m_change_pp
1948-01-01United StatesUSASAHMSahm Rule recession indicator: 3-month average unemployment rate minus its 12-month low (pp)0000
1948-02-01United StatesUSASAHMSahm Rule recession indicator: 3-month average unemployment rate minus its 12-month low (pp)0000
1948-03-01United StatesUSASAHMSahm Rule recession indicator: 3-month average unemployment rate minus its 12-month low (pp)0000
1948-04-01United StatesUSASAHMSahm Rule recession indicator: 3-month average unemployment rate minus its 12-month low (pp)0000
1948-05-01United StatesUSASAHMSahm Rule recession indicator: 3-month average unemployment rate minus its 12-month low (pp)0000

Download sample data

Download the full sample snapshot for this dataset (sample rows, not the complete dataset).

Use with an LLM

Point any LLM at the metadata endpoint — the documentation above is machine-readable too (JSON-LD + Croissant).

cURL

curl "https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/sahm_labor_signals/us_sahm_labor_recession_signals" | jq '{title, rows, columns_count, license}'

Python

import requests

ds = requests.get("https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/sahm_labor_signals/us_sahm_labor_recession_signals").json()
print(ds["title"], ds["rows"], "rows")

# Sample rows for an LLM context window
for row in ds.get("sample_rows", [])[:5]:
    print(row)

API endpoint: https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/sahm_labor_signals/us_sahm_labor_recession_signals

Tip: fetch /llms.txt for the full machine-readable catalog.