US hurricane-landfall climatology (state x month, 1851-2025)

Commercial use OKFresh

The full snapshot isn't published yet — check back after the next refresh.Download sample CSV Download sample JSONSample rows only (up to 20) — not the complete dataset.

State x month panel of tropical-cyclone landfall climatology for the 18 US Atlantic/Gulf-coast states, 1851-2025 (175 seasons), derived from NOAA's HURDAT2 Atlantic best-track file. Each row carries landfall, hurricane (>=64 kt), and major-hurricane (>=96 kt) counts, the strongest landfall wind and Saffir-Simpson category, the month's share of the state's historical landfalls, state totals, ranks, average return periods in years, a documented 0-100 hurricane-exposure score with ranks and quartile tiers, the state's peak-season month window (smallest window covering >=50% of its landfalls), and the earliest/latest landfall dates in the cell. Landfalls are assigned to states by nearest-coastline-segment with bounding-box plausibility gates (foreign landfalls excluded), deduplicated to one row per storm per state. Validated against NHC TPC-4: 250/273 distinct hurricane-landfalling storms 1851-2004 (91.6%), identical state ranking and seasonal shape; per-state counts run slightly below TPC-4 (intensity-classification and border differences, documented in the connector). Join on (month, state_code) for seasonal preparedness-demand planning, churn-risk windows, and territory risk scoring. Climatology, not a forecast.

Source: NHC Hurricane Landfall Climatology Intelligence
Rows: 216
Columns: 28
Source cadence: Yearly
Last refreshed: Oct 1, 2026
Theme: climate

Column	Type	Description
month	integer	Calendar month, 1-12 (the join key together with state_code).
month_name	string	English month name.
state_code	string	USPS 2-letter state code.
state_name	string	State name.
country_code	string	ISO alpha-3 country code (USA).
n_landfalls	integer	Deduped tropical-cyclone landfall events in this state and month, 1851-2025 (one per storm per state, max-wind record).
n_hurricanes	integer	Of those, landfalls at hurricane strength (>=64 kt).
n_major_hurricanes	integer	Of those, landfalls at major-hurricane strength (>=96 kt).
max_landfall_wind_kt	float	Maximum sustained wind (knots) among the cell's landfalls; null when the cell has none. (unit: knots)
strongest_category	string	Saffir-Simpson category of max_landfall_wind_kt (Tropical Depression / Tropical Storm / Category 1-5); null when none.
month_share_of_state_pct	float	100 * n_landfalls / state_landfalls_total: the month's share of the state's historical landfalls. (unit: percent)
state_landfalls_total	integer	Total deduped landfalls for the state, 1851-2025.
state_hurricanes_total	integer	Total hurricane-strength landfalls for the state.
state_major_total	integer	Total major-hurricane landfalls for the state.
state_landfall_rank	integer	State rank by total landfalls (1 = most).
state_return_period_years	float	175 / state_landfalls_total: average years between landfalls over the 175-season record. (unit: years)
exposure_score	float	0-100 hurricane-exposure score: 100(0.60minmax(log1p(landfalls)) + 0.40*minmax(log1p(majors))) across states. (unit: 0-100 index)
exposure_rank	integer	Rank by exposure_score (1 = most exposed).
exposure_tier	string	exposure_score quartile tier: e1 (top) .. e4.
peak_season_start_month	integer	Start month of the smallest contiguous month window covering >=50% of the state's landfalls.
peak_season_end_month	integer	End month of that peak-season window.
earliest_landfall_date	string	Earliest landfall date in this state and month (ISO); null when none.
latest_landfall_date	string	Latest landfall date in this state and month (ISO); null when none.
data_start_year	integer	First season in the climatology (1851).
data_end_year	integer	Last season in the climatology (2025).
source_url	string	HURDAT2 file URL the landfalls were parsed from.
collected_at	string	Date the HURDAT2 file was collected (ISO).
row_hash	string	md5 over state_code\|month\|n_landfalls\|n_hurricanes\|exposure_score.

First 10 sample rows — a preview, not the complete dataset.

month	month_name	state_code	state_name	country_code	n_landfalls	n_hurricanes	n_major_hurricanes	max_landfall_wind_kt	strongest_category	month_share_of_state_pct	state_landfalls_total	state_hurricanes_total	state_major_total	state_landfall_rank	state_return_period_years	exposure_score	exposure_rank	exposure_tier	peak_season_start_month	peak_season_end_month	earliest_landfall_date	latest_landfall_date	data_start_year	data_end_year	source_url	collected_at	row_hash
1	January	AL	Alabama	USA	0	0	0	—	—	0	14	9	2	9	12.5	41.87	9	e2	9	9	—	—	1,851	2,025	https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2025-092326.txt	2026-10-01	883e3e78eee1bf69eb225a11badc64fe
2	February	AL	Alabama	USA	0	0	0	—	—	0	14	9	2	9	12.5	41.87	9	e2	9	9	—	—	1,851	2,025	https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2025-092326.txt	2026-10-01	59b79ccba57c9667c99519390176512b
3	March	AL	Alabama	USA	0	0	0	—	—	0	14	9	2	9	12.5	41.87	9	e2	9	9	—	—	1,851	2,025	https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2025-092326.txt	2026-10-01	7e40ef8304fb7c3c03506577a98a756a
4	April	AL	Alabama	USA	0	0	0	—	—	0	14	9	2	9	12.5	41.87	9	e2	9	9	—	—	1,851	2,025	https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2025-092326.txt	2026-10-01	19acaaad84d38d99aa075cab2634b071
5	May	AL	Alabama	USA	0	0	0	—	—	0	14	9	2	9	12.5	41.87	9	e2	9	9	—	—	1,851	2,025	https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2025-092326.txt	2026-10-01	08e7288ed0a192226057f756041e4c2f
6	June	AL	Alabama	USA	0	0	0	—	—	0	14	9	2	9	12.5	41.87	9	e2	9	9	—	—	1,851	2,025	https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2025-092326.txt	2026-10-01	c50aa593fa85b54fddf752e67ed804c0
7	July	AL	Alabama	USA	3	3	1	105	Category 3	21.43	14	9	2	9	12.5	41.87	9	e2	9	9	1870-07-30	1997-07-19	1,851	2,025	https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2025-092326.txt	2026-10-01	7049bf46ad186f6370f96ebf3cf70b2f
8	August	AL	Alabama	USA	2	1	0	75	Category 1	14.29	14	9	2	9	12.5	41.87	9	e2	9	9	1881-08-03	1950-08-31	1,851	2,025	https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2025-092326.txt	2026-10-01	21475893eb9677d09a8275b594447b62
9	September	AL	Alabama	USA	9	5	1	105	Category 3	64.29	14	9	2	9	12.5	41.87	9	e2	9	9	1859-09-16	2020-09-16	1,851	2,025	https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2025-092326.txt	2026-10-01	73efaad26be0946579fba2bb380574ad
10	October	AL	Alabama	USA	0	0	0	—	—	0	14	9	2	9	12.5	41.87	9	e2	9	9	—	—	1,851	2,025	https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2025-092326.txt	2026-10-01	3538d0336329cb46ae12348424cfded6

Profiled Oct 1, 2026 from snapshot 20261001T172948Z-429f6cb0dc67

Measured

Completeness: 88.7%
Rows: 216
Columns: 28
Columns with gaps: 8

Column	Missing	Distinct	Range	Distribution
monthbigint	0%	13	1 → 12median 6.5
month_namevarchar	0%	12	—	April18 August18 December18
state_codevarchar	0%	18	—	AL12 CT12 DE12
state_namevarchar	0%	17	—	Alabama12 Connecticut12 Delaware12
country_codevarchar	0%	1	—	USA216
n_landfallsbigint	0%	30	0 → 66median 0	2 outside 1st–99th percentile
n_hurricanesbigint	0%	20	0 → 35median 0	3 outside 1st–99th percentile
n_major_hurricanesbigint	0%	10	0 → 19median 0	3 outside 1st–99th percentile
max_landfall_wind_ktdouble	68.1%	25	35 → 160median 90	2 outside 1st–99th percentile
strongest_categoryvarchar	68.1%	6	—	Tropical Storm20 Category 314 Category 213
month_share_of_state_pctdouble	11.1%	50	0 → 100median 0	2 outside 1st–99th percentile
state_landfalls_totalbigint	0%	17	0 → 229median 12.5
state_hurricanes_totalbigint	0%	13	0 → 107median 5
state_major_totalbigint	0%	9	0 → 38median 1.5
state_landfall_rankbigint	0%	20	1 → 18median 9.5
state_return_period_yearsdouble	11.1%	15	0.8 → 175median 11.4
exposure_scoredouble	0%	17	0 → 100median 36.19
exposure_rankbigint	0%	20	1 → 18median 9.5
exposure_tiervarchar	0%	4	—	e160 e360 e248
peak_season_start_monthbigint	11.1%	4	7 → 10median 9
peak_season_end_monthbigint	11.1%	3	8 → 10median 9
earliest_landfall_datevarchar	68.1%	66	—	1861-11-032 1869-10-042 1851-06-251
latest_landfall_datevarchar	68.1%	81	—	1861-11-032 2011-08-282 2021-07-092
data_start_yearbigint	0%	1	1,851 → 1,851median 1,851
data_end_yearbigint	0%	1	2,025 → 2,025median 2,025
source_urlvarchar	0%	1	—	https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/hurdat/hurdat2-1851-2025-092326.txt216
collected_atvarchar	0%	1	—	2026-10-01216
row_hashvarchar	0%	207	—	000edfdabf86a2161992c7dd546d79781 00578060bdce0415210bccc5224eb0641 007a757b3ac9bf25b47b0739be0a70d81

Point any LLM at the metadata endpoint — the documentation above is machine-readable too (JSON-LD + Croissant).

cURL

curl "https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/nhc_landfall_climate_intel/us_hurricane_landfall_climate_monthly" | jq '{title, rows, columns_count, license}'

Python

import requests

ds = requests.get("https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/nhc_landfall_climate_intel/us_hurricane_landfall_climate_monthly").json()
print(ds["title"], ds["rows"], "rows")

# Sample rows for an LLM context window
for row in ds.get("sample_rows", [])[:5]:
    print(row)

API endpoint: https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/nhc_landfall_climate_intel/us_hurricane_landfall_climate_monthly

Tip: fetch /llms.txt for the full machine-readable catalog.

Cite this snapshot

Pinned to snapshot 20261001T172948Z-429f6cb0dc67 and its content hash, so readers get exactly the data you used.

APA

NHC Hurricane Landfall Climatology Intelligence. (2026). US hurricane-landfall climatology (state x month, 1851-2025) [Data set, snapshot 20261001T172948Z-429f6cb0dc67, sha256 429f6cb0dc67]. Datazimuts. Retrieved 2026-10-02, from https://datazimuts.com/en/datasets/nhc_landfall_climate_intel/us_hurricane_landfall_climate_monthly?snapshot=20261001T172948Z-429f6cb0dc67

BibTeX

@misc{dz_nhc_landfall_climate_intel_us_hurricane__429f6cb0,
  title        = {{US hurricane-landfall climatology (state x month, 1851-2025)}},
  author       = {{NHC Hurricane Landfall Climatology Intelligence}},
  year         = {2026},
  publisher    = {Datazimuts},
  howpublished = {\url{https://datazimuts.com/en/datasets/nhc_landfall_climate_intel/us_hurricane_landfall_climate_monthly?snapshot=20261001T172948Z-429f6cb0dc67}},
  note         = {Snapshot 20261001T172948Z-429f6cb0dc67, sha256 429f6cb0dc6706cba2ef96096dcd5bbfd7ca56824633686d417d8610cabce66b; accessed 2026-10-02}
}

Embed a table or a chart

Paste this into any page. The embed is pinned to the same snapshot, follows the reader's light or dark setting, and always shows the source, license and a link back.

Type

X axis

Value

Aggregate

Theme

HTML

<iframe src="https://datazimuts.com/embed/chart?dataset=nhc_landfall_climate_intel%2Fus_hurricane_landfall_climate_monthly&lang=en&theme=auto&snapshot=20261001T172948Z-429f6cb0dc67&x=state_return_period_years&y=month&agg=avg" title="US hurricane-landfall climatology (state x month, 1851-2025)" width="100%" height="380" style="border:0" loading="lazy"></iframe>

US hurricane-landfall climatology (state x month, 1851-2025)

Follow this dataset

Cite this snapshot

Embed a table or a chart

Use your own AI key