Energy consumption by source

Name: Energy consumption by source
Creator: Our World in Data
License: https://ourworldindata.org/
Keywords: energy, renewables, fossil-fuels, owid

Annual energy data by country from the Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy via Our World in Data: total consumption, fossil fuels, renewables, nuclear, and per-capita figures.

Source: Our World in Data23,377 rowsUpdated: 9/21/2026License: CC-BY-4.0

energyrenewablesfossil-fuelsowid

Quality

80.3

Attribution

Our World in Data (https://ourworldindata.org)

Schema

Column	Type	Description
country	string	Geographic location.
year	integer	Year of observation.
iso_code	string	ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 three-letter country codes.
population	float	Population by country, available from 10,000 BCE to 2100, based on data and estimates from different sources. (unit: people)
gdp	float	Total economic output of a country or region per year. This data is adjusted for inflation and differences in living costs between countries. (unit: international-$ in 2011 prices ($))
biofuel_cons_change_pct	float	Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel. Volumes have been adjusted for energy content. (unit: %)
biofuel_cons_change_twh	float	Includes biogasoline (such as ethanol) and biodiesel. Volumes have been adjusted for energy content. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
biofuel_cons_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
biofuel_consumption	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
biofuel_elec_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
biofuel_electricity	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
biofuel_share_elec	float	Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. (unit: %)
biofuel_share_energy	float	Measured as a percentage of the total primary energy, using the substitution method. (unit: %)
carbon_intensity_elec	float	Greenhouse gases emitted per unit of generated electricity, measured in grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour. (unit: grams of CO₂ equivalents per kilowatt-hour (gCO₂))
coal_cons_change_pct	float	unit: %
coal_cons_change_twh	float	unit: terawatt-hours (TWh)
coal_cons_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
coal_consumption	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
coal_elec_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
coal_electricity	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
coal_prod_change_pct	float	Measured as a percentage of the previous year's production. (unit: %)
coal_prod_change_twh	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
coal_prod_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per capita. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
coal_production	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
coal_share_elec	float	Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. (unit: %)
coal_share_energy	float	Measured as a percentage of the total primary energy, using the substitution method. (unit: %)
electricity_demand	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
electricity_demand_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
electricity_generation	float	Total electricity generated in each country or region, measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
electricity_share_energy	float	Measured as a percentage of total, direct primary energy consumption in the country or region. (unit: %)
energy_cons_change_pct	float	unit: %
energy_cons_change_twh	float	unit: terawatt-hours (TWh)
energy_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours per person (kWh))
energy_per_gdp	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per international-$. (unit: kilowatt-hours per $ (kWh))
fossil_cons_change_pct	float	unit: %
fossil_cons_change_twh	float	unit: terawatt-hours (TWh)
fossil_elec_per_capita	float	Electricity generation from coal, oil, and gas, measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
fossil_electricity	float	Electricity generation from coal, oil, and gas, measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
fossil_energy_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
fossil_fuel_consumption	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
fossil_share_elec	float	Electricity generation from coal, oil, and gas, measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. (unit: %)
fossil_share_energy	float	Measured as a percentage of the total primary energy, using the substitution method. (unit: %)
gas_cons_change_pct	float	unit: %
gas_cons_change_twh	float	unit: terawatt-hours (TWh)
gas_consumption	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
gas_elec_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
gas_electricity	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
gas_energy_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
gas_prod_change_pct	float	Measured as a percentage of the previous year's production. (unit: %)
gas_prod_change_twh	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
gas_prod_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per capita. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
gas_production	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
gas_share_elec	float	Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. (unit: %)
gas_share_energy	float	Measured as a percentage of the total primary energy, using the substitution method. (unit: %)
greenhouse_gas_emissions	float	Measured in megatonnes of CO₂ equivalents. (unit: million tonnes CO₂ equivalents (Mt))
hydro_cons_change_pct	float	Figures are based on gross primary hydroelectric generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. (unit: %)
hydro_cons_change_twh	float	Input-equivalent energy is based on gross generation and does not account for cross-border electricity supply. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
hydro_consumption	float	Measured in terawatt-hours, using the substitution method. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
hydro_elec_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
hydro_electricity	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
hydro_energy_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
hydro_share_elec	float	Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. (unit: %)
hydro_share_energy	float	Measured as a percentage of the total primary energy, using the substitution method. (unit: %)
low_carbon_cons_change_pct	float	Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. (unit: %)
low_carbon_cons_change_twh	float	Input-equivalent energy is based on gross generation and does not account for cross-border electricity supply. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
low_carbon_consumption	float	Measured in terawatt-hours, using the substitution method. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
low_carbon_elec_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. Low-carbon sources correspond to renewables and nuclear power, that produce significantly less greenhouse-gas emissions than fossil fuels. Renewables include solar, wind, hydropower, bioenergy, geothermal, wave, and tidal. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
low_carbon_electricity	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. Low-carbon sources correspond to renewables and nuclear power, that produce significantly less greenhouse-gas emissions than fossil fuels. Renewables include solar, wind, hydropower, bioenergy, geothermal, wave, and tidal. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
low_carbon_energy_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
low_carbon_share_elec	float	Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. Low-carbon sources correspond to renewables and nuclear power, that produce significantly less greenhouse-gas emissions than fossil fuels. Renewables include solar, wind, hydropower, bioenergy, geothermal, wave, and tidal. (unit: %)
low_carbon_share_energy	float	Measured as a percentage of the total primary energy, using the substitution method. (unit: %)
net_elec_imports	float	Electricity imports minus exports, measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
net_elec_imports_share_demand	float	Electricity imports minus exports, measured as a percentage of total electricity demand in the country or region. (unit: %)
nuclear_cons_change_pct	float	Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. (unit: %)
nuclear_cons_change_twh	float	Input-equivalent energy is based on gross generation and does not account for cross-border electricity supply. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
nuclear_consumption	float	Measured in terawatt-hours, using the substitution method. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
nuclear_elec_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
nuclear_electricity	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
nuclear_energy_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
nuclear_share_elec	float	Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. (unit: %)
nuclear_share_energy	float	Measured as a percentage of the total primary energy, using the substitution method. (unit: %)
oil_cons_change_pct	float	unit: %
oil_cons_change_twh	float	unit: terawatt-hours (TWh)
oil_consumption	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
oil_elec_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
oil_electricity	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
oil_energy_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
oil_prod_change_pct	float	Measured as a percentage of the previous year's production. (unit: %)
oil_prod_change_twh	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
oil_prod_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per capita. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
oil_production	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
oil_share_elec	float	Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. (unit: %)
oil_share_energy	float	Measured as a percentage of the total primary energy, using the substitution method. (unit: %)
other_renewable_consumption	float	Measured in terawatt-hours, using the substitution method. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
other_renewable_electricity	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
other_renewable_exc_biofuel_electricity	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
other_renewables_cons_change_pct	float	Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. (unit: %)
other_renewables_cons_change_twh	float	Input-equivalent energy, in terawatt-hours, is based on gross generation and does not account for cross-border electricity supply. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
other_renewables_elec_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
other_renewables_elec_per_capita_exc_biofuel	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
other_renewables_energy_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
other_renewables_share_elec	float	Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. (unit: %)
other_renewables_share_elec_exc_biofuel	float	Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. (unit: %)
other_renewables_share_energy	float	Measured as a percentage of the total primary energy, using the substitution method. (unit: %)
per_capita_electricity	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
primary_energy_consumption	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
renewables_cons_change_pct	float	unit: %
renewables_cons_change_twh	float	unit: terawatt-hours (TWh)
renewables_consumption	float	Measured in terawatt-hours, using the substitution method. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
renewables_elec_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
renewables_electricity	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
renewables_energy_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
renewables_share_elec	float	Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. (unit: %)
renewables_share_energy	float	Measured as a percentage of the total primary energy, using the substitution method. (unit: %)
solar_cons_change_pct	float	Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. (unit: %)
solar_cons_change_twh	float	Input-equivalent energy, in terawatt-hours, is based on gross generation and does not account for cross-border electricity supply. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
solar_consumption	float	Measured in terawatt-hours, using the substitution method. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
solar_elec_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
solar_electricity	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
solar_energy_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
solar_share_elec	float	Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. (unit: %)
solar_share_energy	float	Measured as a percentage of the total primary energy, using the substitution method. (unit: %)
wind_cons_change_pct	float	Figures are based on gross generation and do not account for cross-border electricity supply. (unit: %)
wind_cons_change_twh	float	Input-equivalent energy, in terawatt-hours, is based on gross generation and does not account for cross-border electricity supply. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
wind_consumption	float	Measured in terawatt-hours, using the substitution method. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
wind_elec_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
wind_electricity	float	Measured in terawatt-hours. (unit: terawatt-hours (TWh))
wind_energy_per_capita	float	Measured in kilowatt-hours per person. (unit: kilowatt-hours (kWh))
wind_share_elec	float	Measured as a percentage of total electricity produced in the country or region. (unit: %)
wind_share_energy	float	Measured as a percentage of the total primary energy, using the substitution method. (unit: %)

Sample rows

country	year	iso_code	population	gdp	biofuel_cons_change_pct	biofuel_cons_change_twh	biofuel_cons_per_capita	biofuel_consumption	biofuel_elec_per_capita	biofuel_electricity	biofuel_share_elec	biofuel_share_energy	carbon_intensity_elec	coal_cons_change_pct	coal_cons_change_twh	coal_cons_per_capita	coal_consumption	coal_elec_per_capita	coal_electricity	coal_prod_change_pct	coal_prod_change_twh	coal_prod_per_capita	coal_production	coal_share_elec	coal_share_energy	electricity_demand	electricity_demand_per_capita	electricity_generation	electricity_share_energy	energy_cons_change_pct	energy_cons_change_twh	energy_per_capita	energy_per_gdp	fossil_cons_change_pct	fossil_cons_change_twh	fossil_elec_per_capita	fossil_electricity	fossil_energy_per_capita	fossil_fuel_consumption	fossil_share_elec	fossil_share_energy	gas_cons_change_pct	gas_cons_change_twh	gas_consumption	gas_elec_per_capita	gas_electricity	gas_energy_per_capita	gas_prod_change_pct	gas_prod_change_twh	gas_prod_per_capita	gas_production	gas_share_elec	gas_share_energy	greenhouse_gas_emissions	hydro_cons_change_pct	hydro_cons_change_twh	hydro_consumption	hydro_elec_per_capita	hydro_electricity	hydro_energy_per_capita	hydro_share_elec	hydro_share_energy	low_carbon_cons_change_pct	low_carbon_cons_change_twh	low_carbon_consumption	low_carbon_elec_per_capita	low_carbon_electricity	low_carbon_energy_per_capita	low_carbon_share_elec	low_carbon_share_energy	net_elec_imports	net_elec_imports_share_demand	nuclear_cons_change_pct	nuclear_cons_change_twh	nuclear_consumption	nuclear_elec_per_capita	nuclear_energy_per_capita	nuclear_share_energy	oil_cons_change_pct	oil_cons_change_twh	oil_consumption	oil_elec_per_capita	oil_electricity	oil_energy_per_capita	oil_prod_change_pct	oil_prod_change_twh	oil_prod_per_capita	oil_production	oil_share_elec	oil_share_energy	other_renewable_consumption	other_renewable_electricity	other_renewable_exc_biofuel_electricity	other_renewables_cons_change_pct	other_renewables_cons_change_twh	other_renewables_elec_per_capita	other_renewables_elec_per_capita_exc_biofuel	other_renewables_energy_per_capita	other_renewables_share_elec	other_renewables_share_elec_exc_biofuel	other_renewables_share_energy	per_capita_electricity	primary_energy_consumption	renewables_cons_change_pct	renewables_cons_change_twh	renewables_consumption	renewables_elec_per_capita	renewables_electricity	renewables_energy_per_capita	renewables_share_elec	renewables_share_energy	solar_cons_change_pct	solar_cons_change_twh	solar_consumption	solar_elec_per_capita	solar_energy_per_capita	solar_share_energy	wind_cons_change_pct	wind_cons_change_twh	wind_consumption	wind_elec_per_capita	wind_energy_per_capita	wind_share_energy
ASEAN (Ember)	2000	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	5.87	1.55	—	572.58	—	—	—	—	—	76.03	—	—	—	—	20.073	—	378.76	—	378.76	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	305.53	—	—	80.666	—	—	—	—	—	164.26	—	—	—	—	—	43.368	—	216.87	—	—	—	—	50.43	—	13.314	—	—	—	—	—	73.23	—	19.334	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	65.24	—	—	—	—	—	17.225	—	—	22.8	16.93	—	—	—	—	—	6.02	4.47	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	73.23	—	19.334	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ASEAN (Ember)	2001	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	6.46	1.595	—	570.27	—	—	—	—	—	86.26	—	—	—	—	21.294	—	405.09	—	405.09	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	327.9	—	—	80.945	—	—	—	—	—	190.41	—	—	—	—	—	47.004	—	231.01	—	—	—	—	54.33	—	13.412	—	—	—	—	—	77.19	—	19.055	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	51.23	—	—	—	—	—	12.647	—	—	22.86	16.4	—	—	—	—	—	5.643	4.048	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	77.19	—	19.055	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ASEAN (Ember)	2002	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	6.62	1.528	—	572.68	—	—	—	—	—	93.43	—	—	—	—	21.568	—	433.19	—	433.19	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	356.66	—	—	82.333	—	—	—	—	—	208.92	—	—	—	—	—	48.228	—	248.08	—	—	—	—	53.3	—	12.304	—	—	—	—	—	76.53	—	17.667	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	54.31	—	—	—	—	—	12.537	—	—	23.23	16.61	—	—	—	—	—	5.363	3.834	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	76.53	—	17.667	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ASEAN (Ember)	2003	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	7.44	1.623	—	577.02	—	—	—	—	—	102.01	—	—	—	—	22.258	—	458.3	—	458.3	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	381.91	—	—	83.332	—	—	—	—	—	226.51	—	—	—	—	—	49.424	—	264.45	—	—	—	—	53.21	—	11.61	—	—	—	—	—	76.39	—	16.668	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	53.39	—	—	—	—	—	11.65	—	—	23.18	15.74	—	—	—	—	—	5.058	3.434	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	76.39	—	16.668	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
ASEAN (Ember)	2004	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	8.39	1.689	—	583.64	—	—	—	—	—	115.01	—	—	—	—	23.159	—	496.61	—	496.61	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	418.66	—	—	84.304	—	—	—	—	—	244.16	—	—	—	—	—	49.165	—	289.84	—	—	—	—	52.99	—	10.67	—	—	—	—	—	77.95	—	15.696	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	59.49	—	—	—	—	—	11.979	—	—	24.96	16.57	—	—	—	—	—	5.026	3.337	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	77.95	—	15.696	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—

Use with an LLM

Point any LLM at the metadata endpoint — the documentation above is machine-readable too (JSON-LD + Croissant).

cURL

curl "https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/owid/energy_consumption" | jq '{title, rows, columns_count, license}'

Python

import requests

ds = requests.get("https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/owid/energy_consumption").json()
print(ds["title"], ds["rows"], "rows")

# Sample rows for an LLM context window
for row in ds.get("sample_rows", [])[:5]:
    print(row)

API endpoint: https://datazimuts.com/v1/datasets/owid/energy_consumption

Tip: fetch /llms.txt for the full machine-readable catalog.